Black medical colleges

“Southern black physicians were caught directly in the middle of this debate. White physicians worked to keep them excluded from hospitals. . . . southern black physicians had to face not only the hostilities of southern whites but also the often paternalistic attitudes of black medical men from outside the Deep South who thought their southern brethren to be less competent than doctors who practiced in Chicago, New York, or Washington. Finally, civil rights organizations and leaders, determined to break down segregation at all costs, maintained that what southern black physicians needed to do was force their way into white hospitals, instead of accepting all-black facilities” (Ward, 174). . . . After Hill-Burton Act, some black physicians resisted integration out of fear of being hurt economically, of losing their fiefdoms in third-rate black hospitals (Ward, 181-182, citing historian Edward Beardsley and Deitrich Reitzes’s 1959 study).