French empiricism versus derogatory “empiric”

American disciplines of the Paris School celebrated the newness of French empiricism “as a learned, cultured empiricism, something to be scrupulously distinguished from the empiricism of the host of upstart medical ‘empirics’ who claimed that experience was on their side. Indeed, the long-standing identification of the ‘empiric’ with the charlatan and of empiricism with quackery placed regular physicians in a troubling semantic quandary” (Harley, 245-46).