Mayo Clinic

Led by William Mayo, an abdominal surgeon, the Clinic emerged “as a national exemplar of the lucrative cottage industry in abdominal surgery. . . patients were but minor characters in this drama. Hundreds of the newest operations . . . were either invented or refined at the Mayo Clinic in the 1910s . . . Mayos had become well known for innovations in gallbladder surgery, but they also perfected other novel abdominal operations, and William Mayo himself built an undisputed expertise in matters related to the spleen”(Wailoo I, 90).