Ca. 130CE

Roman emperor Hadrian (117CE-138CE) issues decree banning circumcision, to that point entailing only cutting off the part of foreskin that could be pulled past the glans (i.e., mashuk method). Partly in response to Hadrian’s decree, Simon bar Kochba led third Jewish rebellion against Roman occupiers, and by way of provocation, adopted the periah method, fully exposing the glans, which entailed removing the rest of the foreskin by cutting around the base of the glans (= origin of word circumcise, meaning “to cut around”) (Van der Laar, ch. 3).