1848

Louisiana’s Samuel Cartwright, one of the south’s great exponents of “Negro medicine,”” publishes The Diseases and Physical Peculiarities of the Negro Race, a compendium of racist “science” arguing, inter alia: Cranium of blacks 10% smaller than whites; blacks have different breathing apparatus and skeletal structure than whites; listing of imaginary “black diseases,” “whose principle symptoms seemed to be a lack of enthusiasm for slavery” (Washington, loc 606-675).