1861

Paul Broca presents case (and brain) of Leborgne (aphasic for 21 years prior to death at 51) to Paris Société d’Anthropologie and determines, via autopsy and clinical inference that “this primary clinical symptom coincided with that primary anatomical lesion in the frontal lobe” [Schiller, 186] , and that the “third frontal” convolution (inferior frontal gyrus) was the seat of aphemia [aphasia] (Schiller, 177-186).  In his second case presentation of Lelong, also of 1861, his belief in localization by convolution was strengthened, “for this time the lesion “ was clearly confined to the second and third frontal convolutions, with the latter more affected than the former, and in a portion of their posterior third’” (188). Semmelweis finally publishes long overdue exposition of his Lehre, Die Aetiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers (Nuland, 153).