1879

Using a cadaver at the Dresden-Friedrichstadt Institute, Maximilian Nitze and Leiter invent first working cystoscope, a small visual probe inserted directly into the bladder through urethra, making it much easier to pulverize and remove bladder stones (Van der Laar, ch 1; Reuter). Nitze’s legacy of discovery, which included taking the first endoscopic photographs and publishing first textbook of urology, “established the specialty of urology and a legitimate claim as the father of urology” (Herr).