1882

Max Sanger incorporates use of multiple silver sutures to close uterine wound during cesarean sections, preventing both hemorrhage and infection in abdominal cavity. A new debate, especially among Catholics, on defensibility of craniotomy ensues, with Holy See now prohibiting teaching of craniotomy in Catholic med schools. German surgeons surpass English as arbiters of obstetric surgical expertise (J. Ryan, 480). “It is likely that the success of European operators highlighted the deficiencies of obstetric training at American medical schools (481).