1885

Establishment of Institute of Hygiene at University of Berlin, with Koch first Professor or Hygiene (Brock, 183). T. Mitchell Prudden and Wm. Welch become first Americans to take Koch’s laboratory course in general bacteriology at Gesundheitamt in Berlin (Hammonds, 53). Hugo von Ziemssen established one of first clinical laboratories in Munich, followed by George Dock’s laboratory at Ann Arbor (1893) and Wm. Pepper’s laboratory of clinical medicine in Philadelphia (1895) (Reiser, 139). Publication of first journal of bacteriological research, Baumgarten’s Jahresbericht über die Fortschnitte in der Lehre von den Pathogenen Mikrooganismen umfassend Bacterien, Pilze und Protozoen, followed by Zeitschrift für Hygiene published by Koch’s Institute für Infektionkrankheiten in 1886 (Liebenau, 38).