1887

Founding of American Orthopedic Association by physicians who largely specialized in chronic pediatric conditions (rickets, Pott’s disease [TB of spine], polio deformities, clubfoot, dislocated hips) (Linker, 36). Founding by James Knight of NY Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled in 1870 and other hospitals for crippled children in decade after Civil War (38-43). Late-19th c. orthopedists shared vision of Progressive reformers engaged in “child saving” and welfare reform: “Disability could be cured, orthopedic surgeons believed, only when the patient became employable” (37).