1898

NYC’s Lincoln Hospital opens its nurses training school, with white nursing superintendents teaching and supervising black students (D’Antonio, 73). Persistent racism among black and white nursing graduates: “A Lincoln graduate who wished to work as a private nurse could only do so in African American families, in white families who also employed African Americans in other positions, or in hospitals with an African American training school. The critical issue involved meals. African Americans in the North might eat in the same public dining room as white men and women, but they could not eat in the same space with them in a private home” (74).