1901

Behring receives first Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovery of diphtheria antitoxin and work on antitoxin therapy (Brock, 228-229, 263; Bäumler, 93). In St. Louis, children given injections from one batch of diphtheria antitoxin died with symptoms of tetanus. Similar incident in Camden, NJ, where eight children died from tetanus after receiving smallpox vaccine contaminated with tetanus bacteria. These incidents led to passage of Biologics Control Act in 1902 (Dowling 38; Marks, 73-74).