1902

Rudolph Brauer proposes and Walther Petersen performs cardiolysis, first operation for chronic adhesive pericarditis (removal of ribs and sometimes part of sternum to free heart and pericardium from anterior chest wall, to which they are bound by adhesions) (Richardson, 45-46). James Mackenzie invents “Mackenzie’s Ink Polygraph” (predecessor to EKG) (Wilson, 133-136) and publishes (at his own expense) The Study of the Pulse (Wilson, 179ff.; Mair, 95, 179-183), which made little impression in London but paved the way for his association with Arthur Keith (University College, London) and Karl Frederick Wenckebach (Holland). Almroth Wright leaves Army Medical School at Netley Hospital and becomes Professor of Pathology at St. Mary’s Hospital (Macfarlane, 55).