1903

Moynihan publishes Surgical Treatment of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers (Bateman, 134-136). Crile publishes Blood Pressure in Surgery, where he reported on the use of his pneumatic suits and then adrenalin to raise blood pressure during surgery (Crile I, 144-152). First use of X rays to locate a bullet in the heart (Richardson, 33). Einthoven demonstrates first string galvanometer electrocardiograph.