1908

Open-drop method of general anesthesia now being replaced by gas anesthesia (i.e., combination of nitrous oxide and oxygen). In 1910, Graham Clarke, founder of Ohio Chemical Company, working in collaboration with Alice MGaw, invents the Ohio Monovalve, one of the most successful early anesthesia machines for administering the mix (Stepansky II, 45-46). George Crille appoints head nurse Agatha Hodgins his personal anesthetist at Lakeside Hospital (44).