1909

Formation of Rockefeller Sanitary Commission, initially to combat hookworm in the south – first entry of private philanthropy into public health (Flexner, 351-353; Altman, 169-170); formation of National Committee for Mental Hygiene, with Welch a member of board of directors (Flexner, 348-349). Moynihan forms Britain’s Chirurgical Club to bring together top provincial surgeons (Bateman, 163-165). Formation of AMA’s Public Health Education Committee, superseded four years later by its Council on Health & Public Instruction (with no women members) (Morantz-Sanchez, 285-288). Formation of American Society for Clinical Investigation with S. J. Meltzer as first president (Howell III, 683-684; Barker, 159-160); the clinical researchers who created ASCI espoused an “aggressive generalist style, actively opposing any hint of specialization; internal medicine long dominated it; growth of specialization in late 1970s and 1980s led to demise of its yearly mega-meeting (Howell III, 691).