1910

Percentage of women among physicians peaks at 6%, not to regain this level until the 1950s (Morantz-Sanchez, 234). Franklin Martin launches first Clinical Congress of Surgeons around operative clinics of Chicago (Stevens, 86; Martin, 292-298). Establishment of Johns Hopkins’ Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, headed by Adolf Meyer (Barker, 223-225). Nearly every sizable town and city in the U.S. had anti-spitting laws (Ott, 118-119). Fifty percent of all births in the U.S. reported by midwives (Dowling, 63).