1911

Abraham Flexner sent by Frederick Gates (chief administrator of Rockefeller philanthropies) to Baltimore to provide detailed report on costs of transforming medical teaching at Johns Hopkins to full-time system (Bonner II, 100-106). Welch advocates change to full-time system at Hopkins and union of medical schools and public hospitals nationally (Flexner, 309ff.); he succeeds in implementing the full-time system at Hopkins when he was acting head of the University in 1913 via 1.5-million-dollar grant from Rockefeller General Education Board, which underwrote full-time chairs in medicine, surgery, and pediatrics (320ff.). The full-time question split Hopkins community and the big four, with Osler (then in Oxford) and Kelly opposing it (Robinson, 227-234). Full-time system only came to University of Pennsylvania in 1939, with appointment of Joseph Stokes as full-time head of department of pediatrics, though this example was not followed in other departments for some time (Corner, 284-86).