1913

Rockefeller Institute’s Rufus Cole introduced what was arguably the first successful (horse-based) serum for pneumococcal pneumonia, though its benefits were diminished by need for type-specific serum (Marks, 60-61). Identification of pneumonias by type opened the way for effective therapy with type-specific antipneumococcal serums. In 1924, Lloyd Felton devised a workable method of concentrating the serums to preserve antibodies while eliminating unnecessary proteins that caused adverse reactions (Dowling, 48-49). Publication of Milton Rosenau’s text Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, the standard work on public health, reaching its 7th edition by 1951 (Leavitt III, 625).