1917

Open disputes break out between American College of Surgeons and the AMA when Franklin Martin of the College was the only physician appointed by President Wilson to his Advisory Commission of the Council on National Defense (Stevens, 125). When U.S. entered World War I, the medical committees of both the National Research Council and the Council of National Defense were controlled by Welch, Gorgas (Surgeon General of Army), Vaughan, and the Mayo brothers, all former presidents of the AMA (Barry, 135). ACS formulates and adopts its text of “Minimum Standards for Hospitals” (Martin, 338-40).