1917

Oswald Avery, working at Rockefeller Institute under Rufus Cole, develops serum that cut the death rate of Type I pneumonias from 23% to 10% and pursues a vaccine to prevent pneumonia caused by Types I, II, & III pneumococci, which was successfully tested on 12,000 troops at Camp Upton on Long Island in March, 1918 (Barry, 162ff.)