1928

First use of Weigl typhus vaccine by Pasteur group in Tunis (lice injected anally with Rickettsia bacteria; after additional feeding their intestines are removed, mashed, neutralized with phenol = Weigl dead bacteria vaccine, which was partially effective). (A. Allen 50; “Weigl clamp held as many as 50 lice at a time immobile, with their rear ends presented for injection [56-7]). Three shots of Weigl vaccine provided a year of protection (168). By Nov, 1941, 15,000 Soviet prisoners were dying of typhus every day, and the Russian’s warm winter coats became a primary means for spreading typhus to the Wehrmacht (169). First epidemic wave of typhus swept Wehrmacht in Dec, 1941 (171). [Weigl’s] laboratory smuggled thousands of vaccines to the desperate ghettos of Poland, while providing a haven for the Polish resistance movement. The Weigl lab was a force for good. It could not achieve moral perfection” (263).