1937

Founding of Pioneer Fund by Harry Laughlin and Frederick Osborn, supporters of Hitler’s race policy. Its stated purpose was to “improve the character of the American people” by encouraging procreation of descendants of “white persons who settled in the original thirteen colonies prior to the adoption of the constitution and/or from related stocks” by funding research on “race betterment.” “The support of the Pioneer Fund is not limited to Jensen, Shockley, Pearson, Rushton, Gordon, and the Minnesota [twins] Project. The list of other recipients of Pioneer Funding grants reads partly like a ‘Who’s Who’ of scientific and political racism in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and Ireland” (Kühl, ch 1).