1938-1940

Ernst Chain, Howard Florey, Norman Heatley, and rest of Oxford Unit at Dunn School of Pathology work to purify penicillin, succeeding in 1940, with first major test on lab mice ”as British troops were scrambling off the beaches at Dunkirk” (Wainwright, 53-59; Lax, 85ff., 114-125 on the mice experiments; Macfarlane, 169ff.).