1948

Lily introduces first oral penicillin (V-Cil-K) (Wainwright, 86). John Enders and his team at Children’s Hospital in Boston cultivate the Lansing strain of polio in nonneurological tissue, leading to discovery of new properties of polio virus and ways to asses v v crust (i.e., purified crystals of polio virus) in tissue culture rather than through laboratory animals (Rogers, 173; Gould, 123-125).