1951

Eli Robins, Harvard-trained, joins psychiatry dept. of Washington University, joined a few years later by Samuel Guze and George Winokur. The Wash. University triumvirate advocated a return to Kraepelinian principles and “were instrumental in fomenting a counter-revolution that overthrew the power of psychoanalysis in American psychiatry” (Paris, 75-78, 84-85). Psychiatric researchers at Washington Univ. and New York State Psychiatric Institute (Columbia) later “constituted an ‘invisible college’ of neo-Kraepelinians” (Kirk & Kutchins, 49). Erik Erikson accepted Robert Knight’s offer to join staff of Austen Riggs Center in Stockbridge, MA (L. Friedman, 253-254).