1963

First kidney transplant. AMA establishes Committee on Quackery “to contain and eliminate chiropractic.” AMA continues to refuse to support repeal of the Hill-Burton Act’s “separate but equal clause,” which allowed for construction of segregated hospital facilities with federal funds (Baker, 311). U.S. President John F. Kennedy signs in to law the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act, providing construction grants for teaching facilities and student loans to physicians, dentists, and nurses (Lynbaugh,18).