1972

Founding of Tourette Syndrome Association in New York (Kushner, 176ff.). In classic article in Amer. J. Psychiatry, Washington University psychiatric researchers developed diagnostic criteria for 15 mental disorders, referred to as the Feighner criteria (Kirk & Kutchins, 51). George Ashcroft and others at MRC Brain Metabolism Unit at Edinburgh put forward the first receptor hypothesis in psychiatry, “essentially reformulating the amine hypotheses in receptor terms.” Psychopharmacologists began using the new technology within a few years, “placing psychiatry, almost for the first time, not just within medicine, as the discovery of the psychotropic drugs had done, but at the forefront of medical developments.” In 1975, the antidepressants were all found to down-regulate Beta-adrenergic receptors (Healy, 162).