1981

Results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project’s(NSABP) large-scale trials of breast cancer treatment made public: rates of recurrence, relapse, death, and distant cancer metastasis were statistically identical among groups treated with radical mastectomy, simple mastectomy, and surgery followed by radiation: “The group treated with the radical mastectomy had paid heavily in morbidity, but accrued no benefits in survival, recurrence, or mortality” (Mukherjee, 200-201).