1982

Dana Farber Center approves clinical trial of Emil Frei’s Solid Tumor Autologous Marrow Program (STAMP) – megadose combination chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant (Mukherjee, 308-320). By the mid-90s, aggressive chemotherapy and marrow transplant were the rule, even as “the scientific evaluation of the protocol fell further and further behind) (325). Once the procedure was reimbursable, no woman wanted to be a trial participant who might be assigned to the nontreatment group. The treatment’s lack of efficacy and discontinuance followed the fall of South African surgeon Werner Bezwada, who in 2000 admitted to falsifying his data from the only trial to claim tremendous success (326-329).